What Is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)? A Clear and Practical Overview

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is one of the most widely used psychological therapies today. It is an evidence-based approach that focuses on understanding the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, and how these patterns can influence emotional well-being.

CBT is commonly used in clinical practice and is recommended in professional guidelines for a range of psychological difficulties. Rather than focusing solely on the past, CBT places emphasis on current experiences and practical ways of responding to them.

CBT is a practical, collaborative approach that supports individuals in understanding their experiences and developing effective coping strategies. It is not about eliminating difficult thoughts, but about responding to them differently.

How CBT Works

CBT is based on the idea that the way we interpret situations affects how we feel and how we behave. Difficult emotions are often linked to unhelpful thinking patterns or behavioural responses that develop over time.

In therapy, these patterns are explored collaboratively. The goal is not to judge thoughts or feelings, but to understand how they function and whether they are helpful in the present context.

What Happens in CBT Sessions

CBT sessions are structured but flexible. Together with the therapist, clients explore specific concerns and identify patterns related to thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. Practical strategies may be introduced to support coping and emotional regulation.

Between sessions, clients may be encouraged to reflect on experiences or practice certain skills, depending on their needs and preferences.

Who CBT May Be Helpful For

CBT is commonly used to support individuals experiencing anxiety, low mood, stress, and difficulties related to emotional regulation. It may also be helpful for those who want a structured, goal-oriented approach to therapy. (This article on starting therapy for anxiety)

Common Misconceptions About CBT

CBT is sometimes misunderstood as focusing only on “positive thinking” or ignoring emotions. In practice, CBT acknowledges emotional experiences while supporting individuals in developing a more balanced and flexible relationship with their thoughts.